how to soften cold lay tarmac. A lot of people ask, “Don’t you need heat from the sun to help seal the shingles correctly?”. how to soften cold lay tarmac

 
A lot of people ask, “Don’t you need heat from the sun to help seal the shingles correctly?”how to soften cold lay tarmac  All weather asphalt for reactive or emergency repairs

metres if the tarmac is in good condition but has lost colour and faded over time; 40 sq. Is cold-lay tar any good? This is an often-debated question in the industry, with varying answers depending on the intended user. UltraCrete Instant Road Repair® 6mm grade is designed for permanent asphalt repairs in footways, footpaths and cycle tracks. Asphalt can also melt once outdoor temperatures reach 120 degrees Fahrenheit; while this extreme heat is rare, keep in mind that asphalt itself holds heat! Another way of softening an unopened bag of hardened cold-lay asphalt is to expose the package to direct sunlight. In recent years, the use of environmentally-friendly tarmac has become the new norm across all industries. 25 litre Primer to the area to be repaired. The ideal temperature is around 20 °C, and the ground should be dry as moisture can. The price per bag ranges from £7-£15 per 25kg bag. On the opposite end of the spectrum, extreme heat is an enemy of freshly laid asphalt too. It’s best not to attempt repairing potholes in tarmac until the material is soft and pliable so it can be shaped and compacted easily. One of the tricky parts of winter asphalt repair is getting a good bond between your repair and the original surface. Delivery Big & bulky next day available. This is best done early in the morning when it's cool and you can split it like a log with an ax. It is not recommended to use product in temperatures below 10o. £1179. It's easiest to spread tarmac on. Asphalt pavements become too soft under strong sunlight on hot summer days but very brittle during cold nights in winter. Factors such as equipment hire and the size of the driveway will factor into the final cost. I've bought a bag of "cold repair tarmac" to fill in some small potholes in a lightly-used driveway. Hot-mix Tarmac costs around £50-£70/tonne, covering approximately 8m2. Feel free to add some more cold mix asphalt if necessary. you then need to pat or thump it down (back of a shovel, thumping iron, compacter plate etc) untill level with the surrounding area. Hey All, As I mentioned in another tread I've just dug up part of my tarmac driveway to run a new mains and had a question about the cold lay tarmacs you can buy. Smooth it with a trowel and let dry overnight. uk. With the site prepped, have the dump truck driver back onto the area, and slowly pour the asphalt on the ground as he slowly drives forward. Storage Life: 6 Months. Binder course (s) The first layer of bitmac. how long does cold lay tarmac take to setminecraft villager enchanted books list. how long does cold lay tarmac take to set. Something that does is ULTIPATCH Viafix Quick, an extreme performance, all weather, HAPAS approved Permanent Cold-Lay Surfacing Asphalt. Installing a new asphalt driveway costs about $5 to $13 per square foot. VAT. Even with a light rain, it can be laid. Usually, It’s much better to ask a professional for an all. Professional uses include instant asphalt repairs to highways, and car parks. Tarmac driveway cost checklist. The base layer will use a larger grade of aggregate and has to be delivered in a heated lorry. Tack coats are a vital component of an asphalt pavement’s structural system as they bond the multiple asphalt lifts into one monolithic layer. Smartseal Tarmac/Asphalt Cold Lay Repair is carefully formulated for ease of use and to give good results for small repairs to holes or cracks. So water would help. I used about 7 bags of the. Usually, It’s much better to ask a professional for an all. This sequence of photographs depicts the construction of a number of projects, including a public footpath and a large access driveway. #2. The cold water is not applied to aid evaporation. Pour The Cold Patch. 03444 630 046. When properly cured, asphalt does such an excellent job of repelling water that it is often used to line reservoirs and fish hatcheries. Whatever the weather, strong tack spray (cold joint spray) and overbanding tape are always recommended during the process of patching potholes to make your reinstatements permanent. Blackwood. For example, 3-in. Available in bags of 25kg, these typically offer a minimal amount of coverage - 0. The asphalt should be formed at a. #2. A load bearing layer of crushed rock. Coverage rates will vary greatly relative to. Published Jul 1, 2013. S. The topmost layer is smoother, composed of finer aggregate material, to give a more polished look and to improve the strength of the surface. 6mm does sound a touch thin, I would aim for 10mm thick using 6mm bitmac. michael elliott lse; who runs melbourne underworld now; v marketplace yountvilleULTIPATCH DEPOT is a cold-lay, deferred set asphalt developed for efficient and cost effective temporary repairs of carriageways and footways and carriageway ramping. £35 to £50 per day. It can be applied in all weathers, including ho. The area must be clean for secure bonding. 1. • EZ Street Asphalt Premium Cold Asphalt. VAT - £ 22. When asphalt / tarmac is first laid, the finished surface will have a glossy black appearance. Smartseal Cold Lay Tarmac is ready to use quick, cost-effective repairs to paths and driveways. Its stripped away the bitumen and left the aggregate. However, if the ground is too frozen, it's better to wait for the temperature to rise before laying this asphalt. A tarmac driveway should be maintained once per year and will probably need to be resurfaced every 5-10 years. If you are looking to rejuvenate tarmac the best way is to have it surface dressed. S. 8 Compacted lift thickness 117how long does cold lay tarmac take to set. Tarmac & Pothole Repair We offer a range of permanent pothole repair & pothole filler materials such as Ultracrete Permanent Pothole Repair, instant tarmac. 1 Compaction (non-bituminous) 76 Annex 7 Table A8. Asphalt Pavement Construction. Traffic immediately to further compact the asphalt. The buzz is: “If you repair a roof in too cold of temperatures, the shingles won’t stick to each other, and they’ll easily blow off. The only choice. I HAVE A 160 METRE X 3. SRV ≥ 88. Step 1: Demolition and Removal. Be mindful of indentations. 0. A professional will charge around £175 per day to resurface your driveway. This enables the full width of the mat to be compacted while that mat is hottest. Compactor hire. Issue #6: Edge Cracking. Heat up your cold repair tarmac and fill the patch. Can be used in any weather! Apply Tarmac. Obviously make sure the ground where you put it is. Developed for a fast, effective, permanent reinstatement for footway, footpaths and cycle tracks. Mr. fezster Forumite Posts: 485. - Vacuumed out all the dust from the holes. it may be necessary to expose the cold lay tarmac to direct sunlight for 1-2 hours prior to opening to soften the material and restore workability. Simple to use, No specialist tools or equipment are required. lay it heaped so that it remains higher than the finished area by 10-15mm. The formation level is usually around 175mm below the paving level, however, this can vary depending on the integrity of the ground itself. it may be necessary to expose the cold lay tarmac to direct sunlight for 1-2 hours prior to opening to soften the material and restore workability. how much did carole radziwill inherit from her husband; yorkshirsky terier predaj lacnoAsphalt is an incredibly versatile and durable material with a unique ability to accommodate movement without cracking. First and foremost, open flames are dangerous, especially if your asphalt is in a public place. Pros using hot asphalt do the best, most permanent driveway repairs, but not every crack or pothole need's the pricey attention of a paving company. Only a small amount of pressure is needed to return the tarmac to its required consistency. UltraCrack is an easy to apply fast curing kit available from Meon. If over time a patch settles below the road surface, clean the surface of the patch and add U. Ultracrete SCJ Cold Joint Spray is a sealer applied onto the vertical edges & surface base of a pothole before the application of cold lay tarmac or asphalt. Typically, you should wait a month before sealing. Lay concrete sand edging. If you have further landscaping. We use Hanson Drive Reapir Macadam Asphalt(25kg) and SJC Bitumen Cold Joint Sealer. Ultracrete SCJ Cold Joint Spray. uk FAQs. In this DIY, XO repairs some driveway potholes with Builders. Tarmac & Pothole Repair We offer a range of permanent pothole repair & pothole filler materials such as Ultracrete Permanent Pothole Repair, instant tarmac including Ultracrete Instant Road Repair 6 & 10mm, cold joint sealants, line marker paints and anti-skid patch repair. Tarmac, a combination of aggregate and tar (or later, bitumen) is short for tarmacadam, and was patented in 1902 by Edgar Purnell Hooley. To get the absolute best repair of the pothole, the asphalt next to the pothole must be reheated and blended into the patching material. Leave approx 10mm higher than damaged area to allow maximum compaction. Both grades are in accordance with SROH and PAS approved. Shows use of asphalt cold patch for repairing black top, fixing cracks and filling holes. Scherocman says the best way to do that is to operate two rollers in echelon – side by side – down the mat. Sub-base. Suitable for planned and reactive repairs. how long does cold lay tarmac take to set. The type of asphalt used to fill potholes will depend on the weather and size of the pothole, typically hot. Had our drive block paved, there is a small section which was originally tarmac which has been extended slightly with cold lay tar. Align the edging material along the trench, ensuring it is level and flush with the planned height of the finished tarmac surface. The Black Bitumen Asphalt From Tarmac's Macadam Range Repairs Driveways, Footpaths And Potholes. Tarmac or asphalt should be laid when the ambient temperature and ground temperature are at least 10 °C but below 30 °C. The cold stuff will be ok provided you get a good depth. As the concrete layer. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. An unsuitable pen grade bitumen binder has been used, giving a bitmac that is too soft for vehicular traffic. Thoroughly tamp down the patch until you’re happy with the way it’s laid out. The average tarmac driveway installation cost is £5,500 for 50m². Their experience with such a material and what they plan to use it for. A: The average timeframe is three to four days. Despite this, cold-lay tarmac can be affected by cold weather while it is in storage. Now take your watering can or garden hose and gently pour some water into the repaired area. Gently apply pressure to the bag of cold-lay tarmac to soften it. £50 to £100 per weekend. You CAN lay asphalt in the winter, but the ground must be dry. A load bearing layer of crushed rock. how long does cold lay tarmac take to set. 3 reasons why your asphalt surface isn’t turning out smooth. A temperature of above 10ºC will be enough to get the formula malleable and moving. compare and contrast bacteriophages and animal viruses. Builders Ltd, Jan 2, 2008. 00 one. However, there will be transportation costs of between £100-£150. Ever had a bag of pothole repair mix that appears to have hardened or gone off? 😳⁉️ Especially during winter, it's quite common for a bag of cold-lay asphalt…Snap a chalk line parallel to the garage door. cold tarmac repair b. For short hauls, the crust that develops maintains internal. Cold Patch, and compact. Asphalt contains oil, and it will not mix well with water resulting in poor-quality pavement. Climatic conditions have delayed complete evaporation of the cutback solvents. As an inexpensive repair, how well do these cold lay tarmac options work out. Ideally, you should be rolling in a straight line and work towards the opposing corner. The problem is not just that the patch might not heat up properly, or damage the microwave, but that it may leave residue behind in a microwave that you then use for food. ULTIPATCH DEPOT is a cold-lay deferred set asphalts for. glenunga international high school laptops; recover deleted email centurylink. Simple to use, No specialist tools or equipment are required. 25 litre Primer to the area to be repaired. The roller then comes over again to compact the base layer, only stopping when it no longer makes marks on the surface. Make sure that the tar doesn't buildup or clump in any specific area. To start with, the driveway must first be excavated to a formation level before paving can begin. asphalt cost. Tarp loads when necessary. Apply this product in 4 easy steps: Simply pour the contents of the bag into the potholes. 5 kg & 0. Cold mix asphalt is not nearly as strong as hot mix asphalt and should only be used for small-scale fixes or temporary patches until a more permanent repair with hot asphalt mix can be made. This product is often ordered in bulk. When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. I am looking to extend the existing tarmac driveway to my property, for which the extended area would be approx 1. Cold Lay Repair Tarmac / Asphalt compound is carefully formulated for ease of use and to give good results for small repairs to holes or cracks. james roday heart attack. . Paving professionals have to use special tools to estimate compaction time in these cases so that they can lay asphalt in colder weather without affecting its. In conclusion , it is possible to lay gravel onto tarmac provided you build a retaining wall with inwards joint on each side of the drive. #11. The roller then comes over again to compact the base layer, only stopping when it no longer makes marks on the surface. During this time, the tarmac will still be at its softest and any heavy vehicular traffic could cause indentations and further damage to the tarmac. Tarmac instant lay macadam is designed to easily restore paths and drives and is convenient and cost effective and simple to use. Medium Curing Asphalt—These liquid asphalts are manufactured by combining a relatively soft asphalt cement, 120 to 300 penetration, with a kerosene type solvent. police stolen vehicle database washington; what does token of precision mean on metamask; kent county foc holiday schedule; tu sangre en mi cuerpo descargar videocolonial funeral home universal city obituaries. Permanent pothole repair for roads, pavements, driveways and car parks. Install New Tarmac Surface. With this method would be suited towards short, private drives providing access to your house and garden. Also frozen subgrades would prove to be problematic later on. All forms of tarmac and asphalt are likely to lose resin and colour due to the effects of the weather and vehicular traffic. UltraCrete Instant Road Repair 6mm 25kg Bag. How long does cold lay tarmac take to dry? Tarmac drying times After installation, as a precautionary measure, you shouldn’t drive on your newly surfaced driveway for the first. Let the pavement cure for at least 24 hours and then seal it with a layer of chip-seal mix. love and marriage: huntsville cast ages / May 24, 2023 May 24, 2023 / david grant phelps / May 24, 2023 May 24, 2023 / david grant phelpsDec 25, 2009. There are a couple of products on the market for restoring tarmac however they don't tend to last. On the other hand, hot-mix tarmac material costs almost €60-€85 per tonne, covering around 8m2 area. Packed Highways ProductsHomeProductsPacked highways productsProducts designed to meet the rigorous maintenance demands of the UK’s road network. Cold Lay Repair Tarmac / Asphalt compound is carefully formulated for ease of use and to give good results for small repairs to holes or cracks. Also note that in summer, the heat from the sun can cause the tarmac surface to soften, this causing to further damage from anything that’s heavy. Hot-mix tarmac is cheaper the more you purchase but requires special. Pour the first layer to a depth of 45mm and compact with a hand tamp. 4 Cold-lay surfacing materials 111 A2. Extreme Cold. In recent years, the use of environmentally-friendly tarmac has become the new norm across all industries. Coverage rates will vary greatly relative to. The best asphalt patch is hot mix asphalt. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright. Laying asphalt directly over these gaps can mean that you are introducing weak areas to the upper surface. From potholes and footpaths to quick set reinstatement concrete and permanent thermoplastic lines, our specialist packed highways solutions are quality assured. Have plenty of help with rakes and square point shovels to assist as the asphalt flows out. Coverage rates will vary greatly relative to. Tarmac is one of the cheapest options; A black tarmac driveway will cost around £40-£50 per m2 and red is £60-£70 per 2. 25 ltrs primer) - Available in BLACK or RED - Repairs Holes in Tarmac and Asphalt Surfaces Easy, effective, cold repair to holes and cracks in tarmac / asphalt. The problem with laying asphalt in anything lower than 45-50 degrees is that its harder to get compaction due to the asphalt cooling so quickly. This video is a step by step pothole repair using cold lay tarmac and Cold Tar Joint & Sealant spray. Smartseal easy to apply tarmac driveway restorer will soak into the surface, replace lost acrylic resins and totally restore lost colour. * metres per 20 litre drum (60 sq. ULTIPATCH Pothole is a HAPAS approved, permanent, cold lay surfacing asphalt for repair of carriageways. These are designed to allow movement of the concrete surface to allow for weather changes, and water freezing and thawing. Also as per instructions, I brushed over a fine layer of sand. Take extra precautions when using these on your driveway and avoid using them. The best time to lay tarmac is during the spring and summer months when warm, dry weather is more likely. Apply the included 0. second layer to the required level. When the cold weather hits, the asphalt mixture cools more quickly, leaving even less time for compaction to take place and making it more difficult for the asphalt to bind together. You CAN’T repair cracks after the temperature drops below freezing. Smartseal Tarmac/Asphalt Cold Lay Repair is carefully formulated for ease of use and to give good results for small repairs to holes or cracks. The top layer of bitmac providing the running surface. One or two hours of direct sunlight should do the trick. Perfect for use with the Ultra Crete Bitumen Cold Joint Sealer. Know Your Layers. Use a level or straight edge to check the alignment. TimesMojo is a social question-and-answer website where you can get all the answers to your questions. ULTIPATCH Footway is designed for the utility sector, combining a long storage life with excellent workability and surface finish. The minimum thickness of patching material at any edge should be 1 inch. For example, trailer jockey wheels, ladders and vehicle jacks. Ideal for pavements, driveways, car parks & high speed roads, Tough Patch is ready to use straight out of the bag or bucket. I don't know how to tell you to warm it. Application Apply the included 0. Cracks, craters, and holes can develop. Once the cold patch is laid. Longitudinal cracking occurs when the asphalt shrinks, which can happen when temperatures drop significantly. Supplier and stockists of high quality repair materials to carry out repairs to holes in tarmac and asphalt. The pothole will be slightly overfilled and then must be tamped down. Add enough material so that tamping leaves a slight crown. If you lay your black on an unstable surface this will reflect up to your finished surface. Cold Lay Repair Tarmac / Asphalt compound is carefully formulated for ease of use and to give good results for small repairs to holes or cracks. Binder course (s) The first layer of bitmac. Finally if the tarmac stays soft after several days, there may still be solvent in the mix. you can buy bags of cold applied tarmac from builders merchants, but try and lay it on a warm day. £1990 (£0. Damaged patches of Tarmac can easily be repaired inexpensively using a suitable cold lay repair compound. 60 Inc. You must keep an eye on the weather forecasts. Then put a handful of sand over it to stop it being sticky if you need to walk over it. For larger repairs use the best cold lay tarmac repair kit available Ultracrete (3 x 25kg). #1. Some contractors will provide budget information based on the weight of the asphalt. However conventional asphalt is visually limited by the black bitumen binder. Pothole repair FAQs A guide to using cold-lay tarmac Potholes, cracks and defects in tarmac or bitumen can cause a headache when they occur. 25 Litre Primer to the area to be repaired. Check out our updated permanent pothole repair video: Learn how to do a temporary repair of a pothole using. This assures proper laying and binding to form robust structures. There should be at least 4 layers to all bitmac pavements: Surface course. After the above steps have been completed, the tarmac is ready to be applied. They come in 25kg tubs for £15. On the opposite end of the spectrum is extreme cold. trust wallet unable to perform swap try again later. Coverage. Coverage rates will vary greatly relative to. SCJ Cold Joint Spray is a sealant applied to the vertical edges and base of the pothole. When asphalt is in its liquid form it should be a thick and soupy consistency. 3 Compaction (bituminous) 77 Annex 8 Table A2. Be sure to specify the condition of the driveway in advance to the company you hire to avoid additional fees. £119. crappie sickle jig heads. Add enough material so that tamping leaves a slight crown. Focus on making smooth strokes. Warm and sunny weather is the ideal condition for installation. Ultracrete SCJ Cold Joint Spray is a sealer applied onto the vertical edges & surface base of a pothole before the application of cold lay tarmac or asphalt. If the aggregate is larger, however, the pavement is stronger. The guys suggested brushing some sand over the tar to. az concealed carry permit renewal; boston university radiology residency; labor cost to hang and finish drywall ceiling; ratchet urban dictionary; public school transportation to private schools;FP McCann's Easi-Repair™ Cold Lay Tarmac is a cost effective and efficient solution for temporary repairs to driveways, footpaths, cycle ways & potholes. how long does cold lay tarmac take to set 1 second ago 1 second ago gregory lunceford twin brother how to change highlight color in nitro pdf on how long does cold. after school programs in yorktown heights, ny Contact. 15m² which is the equivalent of an area measuring roughly 400mm × 400mm. Cold Lay Repair Tarmac / Asphalt compound is carefully formulated for ease of use and to give good results for small repairs to holes or cracks. Lay sub-base/base. 5m. Coverage rates will vary greatly relative to. Heavy traffic on the soft asphalt paving causes permanent deformation to the pavement, known as “rutting”. The cold pour is used to coat the bottom and sides of the hole. Home Services Project Gallery Contact. SCJ Cold Joint Spray is a sealant applied to the vertical edges and base of the pothole. Asphalt does not stay together without support, which is why the edges usually crumble first. how long does cold lay tarmac take to set March 14, 2023hurst dps driving test route; who has oversight of the opsec program; handling guest request in hotel script. Asphalt needs a sturdy base, otherwise, you’ll just have more problems in the future. 20 Sep 2006. If you have further landscaping. - Used blow torch to heat the edges of the hole. It gained HAPAS approval in 2011 and is instantly trafficable causing minimal disruption to pedestrians. In this state, the asphalt is used to coat and bind the aggregate together so that it’s solid and sturdy. The tarmac will then be laid, and compacted with a heavy roller and formed at a 45 degree angle at the edges. Allow the repair tarmac to harden fully. Preparation Ensure the area where the cold lay repair is to be laid is clean and dry. Use jointing spray and overbanding tape. At what temperature does asphalt soften? According to various sources, including Yahoo. For repairs to. 10. tucson plastic surgery mahabir. Before we answer this, though, let's get one thing straight; 'cold-lay tar' is a historic terminology used in the surfacing industry for most types of cold mix bitumen based surfacing materials. 60 Inc. ULTIPATCH Viafix Quick's easy and rapid application makes it perfect for planned maintenance and for reactive repairs. where are the inman twins today? pawn shops that buy designer bags near me; funeral notices bathurst; skechers arch fit mens saleAsphalt remains relatively soft for up to one year after laying. A: The average timeframe is three to four days. 30am–5. Have plenty of help with rakes and square point shovels to assist as the asphalt flows out. how long does cold lay tarmac take to setnypd pba contract negotiations 2023-04-10 By Posted in welding schools in san antonio Posted in welding schools in san antonioHowever, over the years some linear cracks have appeared, especially near the edges, which do not have any paved/concrete edging. ultracrete permanent pothole repair tub 25kg. Be sure to specify the condition of the driveway in advance to the company you hire to avoid additional fees. If a depression remains the next day, apply a second coat. Application method. Coverage rates will vary greatly relative to. 3 Asphalt concrete mixtures 110 A2. Having seen How To videos on YouTube, this should be more than ample to cause it to set. when do the rams get their super bowl rings; primary lesson helps 2022; the diary of anne frank act 2; vizio tv power light stays on but no pictureClean out all plant matter, debris, and broken asphalt from the area. If you don’t know how to patch asphalt at any temperature, then you should avoid heating cold patch asphalt. Apply the included 0. Hi everyone!Our driveway was really starting to break up with potholes so my dad and I filled them with cold lay macadam. Draper Tarmac Tamper - 64379 - Manual Ground Compactor Tool. Application Apply the included 0. Use a level or straight edge to check the alignment. Use the trowel (or if larger area- spade or shovel) to lay the cold lay compound. March 11, 2023 / Posted By : / johnson county election results 2022 / Under :. it may be necessary to expose the cold lay tarmac to direct sunlight for 1-2 hours prior to opening to soften the material and restore workability. Align the edging material along the trench, ensuring it is level and flush with the planned height of the finished tarmac surface. A special shout-out to Tom Hughes at Ultracrete for delving into the reasons why the far superior water-activated cold-lay asphalt is well worth a try…Communicate with the plant operator. dunwoody high school football; henry county police scanner; jeep won t start dash lights flashinghow long does cold lay tarmac take to set. It’s also known as resurfacing. It can also be installed onto existing surfaces and doesn’t need a full-depth bedding layer underneath. co. Product code. Like extreme heat causes asphalt to become soft, extreme cold causes asphalt to become harder and stronger – but also. On the final layer, use the tarmac tamper to compact until flush with the adjacent surface. This is not essential but may be helpful, especially on warmer days. Then do another layer. Just pour it in, and put down a board and drive over it repeatedly. Annex 4 Reinstating cold-lay surfacing materials 72 Annex 5 NJUG guidance on the colour coding of utilities’ apparatus 75 Annex 6 Table A8. I just had some new asphalt installed and when the guys showed up, it was very hot. From £12. 5-inch layer of cold-mix asphalt with temperatures ranging from 40-45 degrees. To create a solid foundation for the tarmac to settle, you’ll want to excavate down to 16-18 cm. How cold is too cold for asphalt paving? During initial application, the asphalt should still be at least 220 to 290-degrees Fahrenheit. A single sack will cover just under 1m sq. It is produced using carefully selected raw materials and strict quality control. Crushed stone hardcore, 200mm thick. The easiest way for a homeowner to quickly and economically repair most small holes that can occur in an asphalt surface is with cold patch asphalt. £ 27. lift of. Apart from that and looking a bit gray and colour worn, the rest of it seems pretty sound. Leave approx 10mm higher than damaged area to allow maximum compaction. Pretty easy DIY job especially if you aren’t super fussy about the surface.